Warhead data

[ArmySGT.]

Armor value 48 = 2.54cm of Rolled Homogenous Steel. (RHA)

2.54cm = 25.4mm

Penetration for 85mm HEAT-FS is 300mm.

300 divided by 25.4 = 11.81102362

Rounded to 11.811 inches of RHA

11.811 divided by 2.54 = 4.6500093

Rounded to 4.65 doublings from 2.54

AV 48 * (2.54^4.65) = 3661.997299

Rounded to 3662

Efactor for HEAT-FS is 3662.


Nope. Can't be right. I am screwing up the math in figuring how many times a penentration has doubled from the original 2.54 cm.

300mm = 30 cm

2.54 ^ 3.64 = 29.75738257

29.75738257 = 1428.354364

E-factor = 1428

Better

[robj3]

85mm HVAP-T
Armor Penetration (mm):
180mm (RHA) at 1,000 meters E-Factor =
113mm (RHA, 30o) at 500 meters E-Factor =

AV 48 = 25.4mm RHA.
For each x2 in armor thickness, x2.5 AV

180mm = 2.82 doublings. E-factor = 48 * (2.5^2.82) = 636
113mm = 2.15 doublings. E-factor = 48 * (2.5^2.15) = 344

HEAT-FS
300mm = 3.56 doublings. E-factor = 48 * (2.5^3.56) = 1253

AP-HE
90mm = 1.82 doublings. E-factor = 48 * (2.5^1.82) = 254


Another way of looking at:
"For each x2 in armor thickness, x2.5 AV"

is

Armor thickness varies with 2^(a)

Final armor value = 48*(2.5^(a))

So 180/25.4 is about 7.09, which is 2^(2.82).

Using the scientific calculator in Windows:
- Take the log of 7.09 (~0.851)
- Store in memory
- Take the log of 2 (~0.301)
- divide by what's in memory
- take the reciprocal (1/x) (~2.82)
- use this answer to find AV/E-factor (48*[2.5^2.82])

It's roundabout but accurate...

Rob

[ArmySGT.]

Thank you for your reply Rob3j!

Hopelessly over my head here though. It has been too long since I have had to do something like this.

Thank you again!

[robj3]

Sorry, I wasn't sure how active the forum is.
Should have checked back in sooner.
Consolidating the previous math:

E-factor/AV = 48 * 2.5^[3.322(log(mm RHA) - 1.4049)]

3.322 ~= 1/log(2)
1.4049 ~= log(25.4)

Checking , the formula returns slightly different values thanks to rounding:
300mm = 1255
90mm = 255
113mm = 345
180mm = 639

sub 1% differences are OK, I think.


Rob

[ArmySGT.]

E-factor/AV = 48 * 2.5^[3.322(log(mm RHA) - 1.4049)]

Rob

Thanks Rob!

I am going to go forward using this formula to make stats for some Soviet, Canadian, and Mexican systems as well as some updates for US and project equipment.

This is a huge help! Thanks again.

Stay tuned folks.

[ArmySGT.]

Armbrust.


SYSTEM
Alternative Designations: Crossbow
Date of Introduction: INA
Proliferation: At least seven countries
Description:
Crew: 1
Caliber (mm): 67
Weight (kg): 6.3
Length (mm): 850
Rifling: None
Breech Mechanism Type: N/A
Rate of Fire (rd/min): N/A (disposable)
Fire From Inside Building: Yes (see NOTES)
SIGHTS
Name: N/A
Type: Reflex
Magnification: None
Location: Left side
Sighting Range (m): INA
Night Sights Available: INA
VARIANTS (INA)
AMMUNITION
Name: INA
Type: HEAT
Range (m):
Maximum: 1,500
Effective AT: 300
Flight Time (sec) @ 300 m: 1.5
Penetration:
Armor (mm): 300
Reinforced Concrete (m): INA
Muzzle Velocity(m/s): 210

E-factor 1255

Projectile mass: 1.0 kg
Filler: RDX, 0.16 kg
Using weapon(s): ARMBRUST antitank weapon
Remarks: None


Name Armbrust (updated)
Cal. 67mm
E-Factor = 1255 48 * 2.5^[3.322(log(300) - 1.4049)] = 1255.079738
DPW = 451 ((0.16 / 0.563) x 1300) x 1.22 = 450.7282416
Wt. (Empty) 6.3 kg
Min. Range 50m
Eff. Range 350m
Max. Range 1500m
Burst Radius 5m
Type of Fire Single shot disposable
Rate of Fire Single
Feed Device n/a
Feed Device Wt. n/a
Basic Load 2
Load Wt. 12.6 kg
Total Wt.
Additional Comments: A disposable, flashless, noiseless, recoilless gun firing a high explosive shell. The shell will penetrat 30 centimeters (300mm) or steel. The "backblast" from the weapon is made up of plastic flakes and is so short the firer can stand with a wall only 1 meter behind him.

Found in Load out: #17

[ArmySGT.]

Name:Russian 122-mm Towed Howitzer D-30A
Cal. 122mm
E-Factor : See by type below.
Wt. (Empty) 3.2 Metric Tons
Min. Range Varies by ammunition type
Eff. Range Varies by ammunition type
Max. Range Varies by ammunition type
Burst Radius by type Varies by ammunition type
Type of Fire
Rate of Fire 8 rpm burst / 6 rpm normal / 4 rpm sustained
Feed Device Manual
Feed Device Wt. n/a
Basic Load 21 mixed type
Load Wt. by type
Total Wt.
Additional Comments:The D-30A is a midlife product improvement of the D-30. The original D-30 was fielded in 1963 and the midlife product improvements occurred in the mid to late 1970s. The original D-30 is in use with at least 50 different countries.

The D-30, also known as the M1963, replaced the older 122-mm howitzer M-30 (M1938). The original D-30 was fielded in 1963 and the midlife product improvements occurred in the mid to late 1970�s. The original D-30 is in use with at least 50 different countries. The 2A18M D-30A and D-30M are midlife product improvements of the D-30 that are currently in production by the Gosudarstvennoe Unitarnoe Predpriatie Zavod 9 [Vysokodispersnye Metallicheskiye Poroshki AO]. The D-30 features a unique three-trail carriage, a conspicuous boxy shield for the recuperator above the tube, and a small protective shield between the wheels. The gun has a semiautomatic, vertically sliding, wedge-type breechblock. It is towed muzzle-first by a truck or armored tractor, at speeds up to 80 kilometers per hour, with its trails folded under the barrel.

The D-30 can be recognized by its unique three-trail carriage, the conspicuous box-like shield for the recoil-recuperator mechanism mounted above the tube, the multi-baffle muzzle brake, and the small protective shield fitted between the wheels. Early models of the D-30 had a multi-baffle muzzle brake while the D-30M has a double-baffle muzzle brake. The gun has a semiautomatic, vertically-sliding, wedge-type breechblock. It can be towed by a truck (Ural-375 or ZIL-131) or armored tractor at speeds up to 80 krn/hr. It is towed muzzle-first by a large lunette just under the muzzle brake with its trails folded under the barrel.

The D-30 is found in the howitzer battalion of BTR-equipped motorized rifle regiments and in the artillery regiment of motorized rifle, tank, and airborne divisions. A battalion of D-30s is also being added to some tank regiments as an interim measure. These D-30s will eventually be replaced by a battalion of 122-mm self-propelled howitzers 2S1. The maximum effective range of either howitzer is 15,300 meters.

In firing position, the crew of eight unhitches the gun, lowers the central firing jack, raising the wheels high enough to clear the trail legs, and spreads the two outer trails 120� on each side. The revolving mount permits 360� traverse and is equipped for high and low angles of fire, making it fully suitable for antitank defense. It is doubtful that full elevation is possible when the breech is immediately over a trail leg. The D-30 can also be equipped with a IR or passive night vision sights for direct fire.

The D-30 fires FRAG-HE and HEAT-FS variable-charge, case-type, separate-loading ammunition. The D-30 has a special nonrotating, fin-stabilized, HEAT projectile which allows it to effectively engage armored vehicles with direct fire. The HEAT round can penetrate up to 460 mm of armor at any range. Other types of projectiles include chemical, illuminating (S-462 weighing 22.4 kg), smoke (D-462 weighing 22.3 kg), leaflet, flechette, and incendiary. Recently an RAP has been introduced with a maximum range of 21900 m.

There are at least two chemical projectiles for the D-30, with the CW agent is dispersed by the explosion of a TNT bursting charge. The Sarin projectile weighs 22.2 kg with 1.3 kg of Sarin agent. The 122 mm Lewisite projectile weighs 23.1 kg with 3.3 kg of viscous Lewisite agent.


SYSTEM
Alternative Designations: 122-mm D-30A Lyagushka
Date of Introduction: 1963
Proliferation: At least 13 countries
Description:
Crew: 5 (section of 6)
Carriage: D-30
Combat Weight (mt): 3.2
Chassis Length Overall (m):
Travel Position: 5.4
Firing Position: INA
Height Overall (m): 1.6
Width Overall (m):
Travel Position: 1.9
Firing Position: INA
Towing Speed (km/h):
Max Road: 60
Max Off-Road: 25
Max Cross-Country:
Fording Depths (m): .5
Emplacement Time (min): 1.5
Displacement Time (min): 3.5
Prime Mover: MT-LB; Ural-375, or equivalent

ARMAMENT
Main Armament:
Caliber, Type, Name: 122-mm, 2A18M canon
Barrel Length (cal): 38 (approximately)
Rate of Fire (rpm):
Burst: 8
Normal: 6
Sustained: 4
Loader Type: Semi-automatic
Breech Type: Vertical sliding wedge
Muzzle Brake Type: Multi-baffle
Traverse: (o):
Left: 360
Right: 360
Total: 360
Elevation (o) (-/+): -7/+70o
FIRE CONTROL
Indirect Fire: PG-1M Panoramic Telescope (PANTEL)
Direct Fire: OP 4M-45
Collimator: K-1
Gun Display Unit: None
Fire Control Computer: None
VARIANTS
Saddam: Iraqi produced version of the D-30
D30J: Yugoslavian produced version of the D-30
SP 122: Egyptian self-propelled howitzer (M109A2 chassis and
turret with an Egyptian made D-30 howitzer).
Type 85: Chinese self-propelled howitzer (Chinese Type 85 APC
chassis and a licensed produced version of the D-30 in a semi-open
superstructure.)

MAIN ARMAMENT AMMUNITION
Caliber, Type, Name:

122-mm Frag-HE, OF-81
Indirect Fire Range (m):
Minimum Range: 1000
Maximum Range: 15,300
Complete Projectile Weight (kg): 21.76 (OF-56)
Filler: TNT and amatol 3.46 kg
DPW = 7031 ((3.46 / 0.563) x 1300) x 0.88 = 7030.62167
Muzzle Velocity: 680 m/s
Fuze Type: RGM-2 PD

122-mm, HEAT-FS
Direct Fire Range (m):
Minimum Range: 0
Maximum Range: 1000
Armor Penetration (mm): 460 (@ 0o obliquity any range)
E-factor = 2208. 48 * 2.5^[3.322(log(460) - 1.4049)]= 2208.385244
DPW=
Complete Projectile Weight (kg): 21.58

Muzzle Velocity: 740 m/s
Fuze Type: GPV-2 PIBD

122-mm Frag-HE Rocket Assisted
Indirect Fire Range (m):
Minimum Range: INA
Maximum Range: 21,900
Complete Projectile Weight (kg): 21.76 (3OF-56)
Filler: RDX/A1 4.31 kg
DPW= 12141.5 ((4.31 / 0.563) x 1300) x 1.22 = 12141.49201
Muzzle Velocity: INA
Fuze Type: PD

Other Ammunition Types: Incendiary, Chemical, Flechette,
Semi-active laser-guided Kitolov-2M Frag-HE

[ArmySGT.]

Name AT-3 Malyutka (SAGGER)
Cal.
E-Factor = A model 1835 / C model 2597 48 * 2.5^[3.322(log(400 or 520) - 1.4049)]= 2208.385244
Wt. (10.9 / 11.4 kg) missile, 30.5 kg launcher + guidance
Eff. Range 500/500
Max. Range 3000/3000
Type of Fire
Rate of Fire 1
Feed Device 1 per man pack case (two per AT team). BMD-1, 1 on rail + 3 stowed
In each three-man team, the gunner carries a suitcase containing the control box, and two assistant gunners each carry one missile in a suitcase.
Feed Device Wt.
Basic Load - 1 guidance (gunner) + 2 launcher/missile case (assistants)
Total Wt.30.5 kg launcher + guidance
Additional Comments : AT-3 is classed by weight as portable (21-40 kg), rather than manportable (<21 kg). The launcher is also a missile carry case. The guidance panel can be located up to 15 meters from the launcher, and can control up to four launchers. If target is <1,000 meters from launcher, the operator can joystick the missile to target without using optics. Guidance elevation (o) is -5/ +10. Because the module is small and can be shifted,
elevation and field of view are operationally unlimited. Improved versions can be used on older launchers, but in the MCLOS mode.
The Slovenian Iskra TS-M thermal sight is available, with detection at 3,000 meters and recognition at 1,800 meters.
Any AT-3 can be modernized to Malyutka-2 with replacement of warhead and or replacement of specific warhead and motor components.

[ArmySGT.]

This is too timely (and on point) not to share.

[welsh]

recoilless rifle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M40_recoilless_rifle

Here is some info. Seems practical.

[ArmySGT.]

SYSTEM
Alternative Designations: BAT (Battalion Antitank), and VARIANTS
Date of Introduction: 1953
Proliferation: At least 50 countries
Description:
Crew: 4 vehicle with dismount, 2 vehicle mount, 8 dismounted infantry
Caliber (mm): 106
Weight (kg): 130, 113 without the spotting rifle
Length (m): 3.4, with a 2.85 m barrel
Width (on M79 mount) (m): .8, 1.524 with the legs spread
Height (on M79 mount) (m): 1.3

ARMAMENT
Main Armament: 106-mm Recoilless rifle.
Bore: Rifled 36 grooves, rh. The actual bore size is 105 mm; but is referred to as 106 mm to avoid confusion with the failed 105-mm M27 gun system.
Breech Type: Interrupted thread , hand-operated
Recoil System: Vented breech
Feed: Manual
Traverse (o): 360
Elevation (o) (M79 Mount): -17/+65
Rate of Fire (rd/min): 5
Emplacement/displacement time (min): INA
Fire From Inside Building: No
Complete Round Weight (kg): 13
Muzzle Velocity (m/s): 570
Spotting Rifle: .50 cal M-8C, magazine-fed. It uses a .50 cal semi-auto spotting rifle mounted along the axis of the barrel to determine proper elevation for the 106-mm rifle. The round matched to M40 round flight ballistics, and holds a 20-round magazine.

SIGHTS
Name: Bofors Modernization Package
Daysight:
Name: Simrad LP101 laser day sight (in place of the ranging gun)
Others available: Computerized LASer Sight (CLASS)
Upgraded systems may have the Simrad laser sight in lieu of the ranging (spotting) gun.
Night Sights:
Name: NVL-11 Mk IV II sight with computer LRF
Range: 990 m.
Others available: Simrad KN250 II sight, other II and thermal sights

VARIANTS
M40A1: Initial fielded version of the rifle which was commonly exported, with the M-8C spotting rifle.
M40A2: Upgrade with an M79 mount.
M40A4: The latest fielded version, with the M27 tripod.
Other countries have produced the rifle, under license, and mounted it on various chassis.
Bofors Retrofit Program: Upgrade program, with the Simrad sights and the 3A-HEAT-T round.
The weapon can be porteed, carried on a vehicle pintel mount, then transferred to a ground semi-mobile tripod mount.
M79 Mount: Tripod, ground, or vehicle
M50 Ontos: Six-barrel mount on small tracked vehicle
PAK-66: Austrian M40 on two-wheel carriage

AMMUNITION
Name: M344A1
Type: HEAT
Range (m):
Maximum Effective: 1,350
Maximum Range: 2,745
Armor Penetration (mm CE): INA
E-factor = 1255 48 * 2.5^[3.322(log(300) - 1.4049)]= 1255.079738
DPW= 2332.149201
It uses 2.79lbs or 1 Kg of Comp B.
Complete Round Weight (kg): 16.8
Muzzle Velocity (m/s): 503

Name: 3A-HEAT-T (Bofors upgrade)
Type: HEAT-Tracer
Maximum Effective Range (m): 2,000
Armor Penetration (mm CE): 700 +
E-factor = 3847 48 * 2.5^[3.322(log(700) - 1.4049)]= 3846.98682
Complete Round Weight (kg): 14.5
Muzzle Velocity (m/s): 570

Name: M346A1
Type: HEP-T (HE plastic-tracer)
Filler:7.72 lb (3.501733 KG) Comp A3
DPW= 8085.70675
Maximum Range (m): 6,870
Complete Round Weight (kg): 16.95
Muzzle Velocity (m/s): 498

Name: M581
Type: APERS-T (antipersonnel-tracer) (flechette)
Fill (.5 g ea): 10,000 flechettes
Maximum Effective Range (m): 300
Complete Round Weight (kg): 18.73
Muzzle Velocity (m/s): 438

Name: HEAP M-DN
Type: HE antipersonnel (steel pellets)
Fill: 1,000 steel pellets
Maximum Effective Range (m): 1,500
Lethal Radius: 40
Complete Round Weight (kg): 16.4
Muzzle Velocity (m/s): 560

NOTES
The producer of the LAHAT gun-launch ATGM (pg 6-58) offers to produce a version for use in the M40 launcher. The tandem ATGM is a viable threat to all modern armored vehicles. Use requires a tripod-mounted laser guidance unit, as used with MT-12 and 2A45M AT guns.
The rifle produces a massive amount of noise and smoke which reveals its location. Thus a first round hit is critical.

[nuke11]

Here is an updated chart.

Explosive Relative Effectiveness Chart 1.0

Common Name(s) RE
Dynamite (40% Ammonia) 0.31
Ammonium Nitrate (AN + <0.5% H2O) 0.32
Dynamite (40% Gelatin) 0.32
Black Powder (75% KNO3 + 19% C + 6% S) 0.38
Dynamite (60% Ammonia) 0.40
Hexamine Dinitrate (HDN) 0.45
Dinitrobenzene (DNB) 0.45
Dynamite (40% Nitroglycerin) 0.49
HMTD (Hexamine Peroxide) 0.56
ANFO (94% AN + 6% Fuel Oil) 0.56
Dynamite (60% Gelatin) 0.57
TATP (Acetone Peroxide) 0.60
Tovex Extra (AN Water Gel) Commercial Product 0.60
Hydromite 600 (AN Water Emulsion) Commercial Product 0.60
Dynamite (60% Nitroglycerin) 0.62
ANNMAL (67% AN + 25% NM + 5% Al + 3% C) 0.65
Amatol (50% TNT + 50% AN) 0.68
Nitroguanidine 0.75
Trinitrotoluene (TNT) 0.75
Hexanitrostilbene (HNS or JD-X) 0.79
Nitrourea (N-nitrourea, 1-nitrourea or N-nitrocarbamide) 0.79
Amatol (80% TNT + 20% AN) 0.83
Nitrocellulose (13.5% N, NC) 0.83
Nitromethane (NM) 0.83
Diethylene Glycol Dinitrate (DEGDN) 0.88
Tritonal (80% TNT + 20% Aluminum Powder) 0.88
Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) 0.88
Picric Acid (TNP) 0.90
Trinitrobenzene (TNB) 0.90
Tetrytol (70% Tetryl + 30% TNT) 0.90
Dynamite (75% NG + 23% Diatomite) 0.94
Tetryl (2,4,6-Trinitrophenylmethylnitramine) 0.94
Composition C3 (87% RDX) 1.00
Composition C4 (91% RDX) 1.00
Composition A3 (91% RDX) 1.00
Pentolite (56% PETN + 44% TNT) 1.00
Semtex 1A (76% PETN + 6% RDX) 1.01
Composition B (60% RDX + 40% TNT) 1.01
Composition A4 (97% RDX) 1.01
Composition H6 (45% RDX + 30% TNT + 20% Powdered Aluminum) 1.01
Cyclotol (70% RDX + 30% TNT) 1.01
Hydrazine Mononitrate 1.07
RISAL P (51% IPN + 28% RDX + 14% Al + 4% Mg + 0.7% Zr + 2% NC) 1.13
Nitroglycerin (NG) 1.16
Octol (80% HMX + 19% TNT + 1% DNT) 1.16
Gelatine (92% NG + 7% Nitrocellulose) 1.20
Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) 1.20
NTO (Nitrotriazolon) 1.20
Hexogen (RDX) 1.20
Penthrite (PETN) 1.25
Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) 1.25
TNAZ (Trinitroazetidine) 1.28
HMX Grade A (Octogen) 1.28
HMX Grade B (Octogen) 1.28
HNIW (CL-20) 1.35
Hexanitrobenzene (HNB) 1.35
MEDINA (Methylene dinitroamine) 1.45
DDF (4,4'-Dinitro-3,3'-diazenofuroxan) 1.46
Octanitrocubane (ONC) 1.79

[nuke11]

Sorry, I wasn't sure how active the forum is.
Should have checked back in sooner.
Consolidating the previous math:

E-factor/AV = 48 * 2.5^[3.322(log(mm RHA) - 1.4049)]

3.322 ~= 1/log(2)
1.4049 ~= log(25.4)

Checking , the formula returns slightly different values thanks to rounding:
300mm = 1255
90mm = 255
113mm = 345
180mm = 639

sub 1% differences are OK, I think.


Rob

Has anyone converted this formula to an Excel formula yet

[ArmySGT.]

Has anyone converted this formula to an Excel formula yet

I have not. I am not sure of how to insert a logarithm into the equation.

[kato13]

I have not. I am not sure of how to insert a logarithm into the equation.

For log 10 isn't it just LOG(A1). I just saved a version as excel97 with that formula so I think that has been supported for a while.