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NATO and Warsaw Pact Tank Fleet at start of Twilight War.
United States
In the early 1990's the US operated about 18,000 tanks including older tanks held in storage. Until the introduction of the M1 Abrams tank in 1980 all US tanks could trace their lineage to the Second World War era M26 Pershing and M46 Patton tanks. The M47 was an M46 with a new turret, and the M48 and M60 were evolutionary descendents of the M26. The M60 and later variants of the M48 remained competitive against most Soviet tanks until the end of the Cold War, while later variants of the M1 Abrams were superior to all Soviet tanks.
M1A3 (150) (* limited production/from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
M1A2 (627 (* deliveries ongoing)
M1A1 (5,017)
M1 (3,273) (* 1,000 converting to M1A2 standard)
M60-M120S (250) (* from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
M60-2000 (250) (* from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
M60A3 (5,151)
M60A1 (3,101) (* subtract 500 converted to M60-2000 and M60 M120S)
M48A5 (1,013)
M47 (639) (* held in storage)
Germany
West Germany had the second largest army in NATO after the United States in the Cold War. The reformed German Army was supplied with US M47 and M48 tanks in the 1950's, which were supplemented by the Leopard 1 tank from 1964. The Leopard 1 was the first German tank built since the end of the Second World War, and was a good solid tank for its time with later variants remaining competitive against Soviet tanks into the 1990's. The larger Leopard 2 tank entered service in 1979 and is one of the most powerful tanks in the world. Later variants of the Leopard 2 are superior to all Soviet tanks. Following German Reunification in 1996 the East German Army is absorbed into the new German Army. The East Germans used Soviet T-72 and T-55 tanks, with some tanks built in Czechoslovakia and Poland. The combined strength of the German tank fleet was over 8,000 tanks.
Leopard 3 (65) (* limited production/from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
Leopard 2-140 (10) (* limited production/from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
Leopard 2A5 (225) (* upgrade ongoing)
Leopard 2A4 (695)
Leopard 2A3 (300) (* upgraded to Leopard 2A4 standard)
Leopard 2A1 (780) (* upgraded to Leopard 2A4 standard)
Leopard 2 (380) (* upgraded to Leopard 2A4 standard)
Leopard 1A5 (1,258)
Leopard 1A3 (1,112)
M-48A2G (418)
M48A1 (240)
T-72M (583) (* East German)
T-54/T-55 (2,251) (* East German)
France
France had one of the largest armies in Europe but its tank fleet was considered weak for its relative size. French forces included many rapid deployment and light cavalry forces that were equipped with lighter armoured vehicles. The French governments policy to make weapons attractive for export effected the quality of French armour, and for a period French tanks were not as good as many other NATO countries. The main French tank was the AMX-30 which was an unremarkable design that offered little if any advantage over Soviet tanks. The AMX-30B2 was the later variant at the end of the Cold War. The AMX-40 listed in T2K is an upgraded AMX-30 and was in reality a single prototype intended for export. The new Leclerc tank was a powerful design with good firepower and armoured protection and brought French tank design in line with other NATO powers in the 1990's.
Leclerc (406) (* deliveries ongoing)
AMX-40 (50) (* limited production/from Paul Mulcahy's pages & RDF Sourcebook)
AMX-30 B2 (549)
AMX-30 (800)
Great Britain
Despite the small size of the British Army in comparison to other major European powers the British tank fleet was considered to be a powerful force. British tanks were all heavily armoured due to negative British experiences against German tanks in the Second World War. They were also uniquely equipped with rifled guns which have longer ranges than smoothbore guns of other tanks. The Centurion was one of the best tanks of the 1950's and 1960's, and the Chieftain was the most heavily armoured tank in the world from 1966 until the early 1980's. The Challenger 1 is basically an upgraded Chieftain Mk.5 with heavier armour. The Challenger 2 is a completely new tank that is even more heavily armoured than the Challenger 1 and is greatly superior to any Soviet tank. Over 500 older Centurion tanks were listed as being held in storage in 1990, but may include tanks converted to engineer vehicles and some training units.
Challenger 2 (386) (* deliveries ongoing)
Challenger 1 (450)
Chieftain (850) (* all variants)
Centurion (570) (* held in storage)
Vickers Mk.3 (40) (* from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
Other NATO Countries
Other NATO armies used mainly US and German tanks, although Greece and Spain also had French AMX-30's and Denmark had some British Centurions. Italy also used the Italian OF-40 and Ariete tanks. The OF-40 was an export tank similar to the Leopard 1 and was built in small numbers, while the Ariete is a new and fairly advanced tank that was built in small numbers in the 1990's.
Belgium
Leopard 1A5 (334)
Canada
Leopard 1A3 C1 (114)
Denmark
Leopard 1A5 (230)
Centurion (216)
Greece
Leopard 1A3 (109)
AMX-30 (154)
M48A5 (599)
M48A3 (212)
M48A2 (110)
M48A1 (299)
M47 (396)
Italy
Ariete (240) (* deliveries ongoing)
OF-40 (10) (* limited production)
Leopard 1A2 (920)
M60A1 (300)
M47 (313)
Netherlands
Leopard 2A5 (330)
Leopard 2A4 (115)
Leopard 1A4 (468)
Norway
Leopard 1A5 (80)
M48A5 (55)
Portugal
M48A5 (86)
M47 (60)
Spain
AMX-30 (299)
M48A5 (180)
M47 (375)
Turkey
Leopard 1A3 (397)
M48A5 (1,980)
M48A1/A2 (1,130)
M47 (523)
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union had the largest tank fleet in the world with nearly 60,000 units in the 1990's.
Soviet Union
T-95 (10) (* limited production)
T-94 (60) (* from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
T-90 (107) (* deliveries ongoing)
T-80 (6,240) (* deliveries ongoing)
T-72A/B (10,000) (* deliveries ongoing)
T-64A/B (9,700)
T-62 (11,300)
T-54/55 (20,600)
Warsaw Pact
Warsaw Pact forces used Soviet T-72, T-62 and T-55 tanks. Czechoslovakia and Poland built the T-72 and the T-55 under licence and exported many of them. Romania also built versions of the T-55 under licence, and the Romanian TR-125 was a reversed engineered T-72. The Second World War vintage T-34 was also found in the inventories of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania.
Bulgaria
T-72M (350)
T-62 (250)
T-54/T-55 (1,612)
T-34 (862)
Czechoslovakia
T-72M (900)
T-55 (1,927)
T-34 (373)
Hungary
T-72M (195)
T-54/T-55 (1,425)
T-34 (91)
Poland
T-72/PT-91 (116) (* deliveries ongoing)
T-72M (641)
T-54/T-55 (2,150)
Romania
T-72/TR-125 (3) (* limited production)
T-72M (30)
T-54/T-55 (757)
TR-85 (556) (* T-55 variant)
TR-580 (414) (* T-55 variant)
T-34 (1,060)
Neutral European Countries
Switzerland and Sweden built their own tanks in the Cold War. Switzerland built the Panzer 61 and 68, and Sweden built the S-103 which was more akin to a tank destroyer than a tank. In the 1980's Switzerland switched to the German Leopard 2 with most being built in Switzerland. After the Cold War Sweden also adopted the Leopard 2 but probably did not recieve them before 1996 in the T2K timeline. The others used a mixture of US, French, British and Soviet tanks. Yugoslavia licence built the Soviet T-55 and a modified version of the T-72 (M-80). Albania and Yugoslavia were still using Second World War era T-34 and Sherman tanks into the 1990's.
Albania
T-55 (50)
T-34 (140)
Austria
M60A3 (159)
Cyprus
AMX-30 B2 (40)
Finland
T-72M (70)
T-54/T-55 (100)
Sweden
S-103 (335)
Centurion (110)
Switzerland
Leopard 2A4 (180)
Pz-68 (190)
Pz-61 (150)
Centurion (150)
Yugoslavia
T-72/M-80 (300)
T-54/T-55 (850)
T-34 (400)
M-4 Sherman (300)
United States
In the early 1990's the US operated about 18,000 tanks including older tanks held in storage. Until the introduction of the M1 Abrams tank in 1980 all US tanks could trace their lineage to the Second World War era M26 Pershing and M46 Patton tanks. The M47 was an M46 with a new turret, and the M48 and M60 were evolutionary descendents of the M26. The M60 and later variants of the M48 remained competitive against most Soviet tanks until the end of the Cold War, while later variants of the M1 Abrams were superior to all Soviet tanks.
M1A3 (150) (* limited production/from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
M1A2 (627 (* deliveries ongoing)
M1A1 (5,017)
M1 (3,273) (* 1,000 converting to M1A2 standard)
M60-M120S (250) (* from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
M60-2000 (250) (* from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
M60A3 (5,151)
M60A1 (3,101) (* subtract 500 converted to M60-2000 and M60 M120S)
M48A5 (1,013)
M47 (639) (* held in storage)
Germany
West Germany had the second largest army in NATO after the United States in the Cold War. The reformed German Army was supplied with US M47 and M48 tanks in the 1950's, which were supplemented by the Leopard 1 tank from 1964. The Leopard 1 was the first German tank built since the end of the Second World War, and was a good solid tank for its time with later variants remaining competitive against Soviet tanks into the 1990's. The larger Leopard 2 tank entered service in 1979 and is one of the most powerful tanks in the world. Later variants of the Leopard 2 are superior to all Soviet tanks. Following German Reunification in 1996 the East German Army is absorbed into the new German Army. The East Germans used Soviet T-72 and T-55 tanks, with some tanks built in Czechoslovakia and Poland. The combined strength of the German tank fleet was over 8,000 tanks.
Leopard 3 (65) (* limited production/from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
Leopard 2-140 (10) (* limited production/from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
Leopard 2A5 (225) (* upgrade ongoing)
Leopard 2A4 (695)
Leopard 2A3 (300) (* upgraded to Leopard 2A4 standard)
Leopard 2A1 (780) (* upgraded to Leopard 2A4 standard)
Leopard 2 (380) (* upgraded to Leopard 2A4 standard)
Leopard 1A5 (1,258)
Leopard 1A3 (1,112)
M-48A2G (418)
M48A1 (240)
T-72M (583) (* East German)
T-54/T-55 (2,251) (* East German)
France
France had one of the largest armies in Europe but its tank fleet was considered weak for its relative size. French forces included many rapid deployment and light cavalry forces that were equipped with lighter armoured vehicles. The French governments policy to make weapons attractive for export effected the quality of French armour, and for a period French tanks were not as good as many other NATO countries. The main French tank was the AMX-30 which was an unremarkable design that offered little if any advantage over Soviet tanks. The AMX-30B2 was the later variant at the end of the Cold War. The AMX-40 listed in T2K is an upgraded AMX-30 and was in reality a single prototype intended for export. The new Leclerc tank was a powerful design with good firepower and armoured protection and brought French tank design in line with other NATO powers in the 1990's.
Leclerc (406) (* deliveries ongoing)
AMX-40 (50) (* limited production/from Paul Mulcahy's pages & RDF Sourcebook)
AMX-30 B2 (549)
AMX-30 (800)
Great Britain
Despite the small size of the British Army in comparison to other major European powers the British tank fleet was considered to be a powerful force. British tanks were all heavily armoured due to negative British experiences against German tanks in the Second World War. They were also uniquely equipped with rifled guns which have longer ranges than smoothbore guns of other tanks. The Centurion was one of the best tanks of the 1950's and 1960's, and the Chieftain was the most heavily armoured tank in the world from 1966 until the early 1980's. The Challenger 1 is basically an upgraded Chieftain Mk.5 with heavier armour. The Challenger 2 is a completely new tank that is even more heavily armoured than the Challenger 1 and is greatly superior to any Soviet tank. Over 500 older Centurion tanks were listed as being held in storage in 1990, but may include tanks converted to engineer vehicles and some training units.
Challenger 2 (386) (* deliveries ongoing)
Challenger 1 (450)
Chieftain (850) (* all variants)
Centurion (570) (* held in storage)
Vickers Mk.3 (40) (* from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
Other NATO Countries
Other NATO armies used mainly US and German tanks, although Greece and Spain also had French AMX-30's and Denmark had some British Centurions. Italy also used the Italian OF-40 and Ariete tanks. The OF-40 was an export tank similar to the Leopard 1 and was built in small numbers, while the Ariete is a new and fairly advanced tank that was built in small numbers in the 1990's.
Belgium
Leopard 1A5 (334)
Canada
Leopard 1A3 C1 (114)
Denmark
Leopard 1A5 (230)
Centurion (216)
Greece
Leopard 1A3 (109)
AMX-30 (154)
M48A5 (599)
M48A3 (212)
M48A2 (110)
M48A1 (299)
M47 (396)
Italy
Ariete (240) (* deliveries ongoing)
OF-40 (10) (* limited production)
Leopard 1A2 (920)
M60A1 (300)
M47 (313)
Netherlands
Leopard 2A5 (330)
Leopard 2A4 (115)
Leopard 1A4 (468)
Norway
Leopard 1A5 (80)
M48A5 (55)
Portugal
M48A5 (86)
M47 (60)
Spain
AMX-30 (299)
M48A5 (180)
M47 (375)
Turkey
Leopard 1A3 (397)
M48A5 (1,980)
M48A1/A2 (1,130)
M47 (523)
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union had the largest tank fleet in the world with nearly 60,000 units in the 1990's.
Soviet Union
T-95 (10) (* limited production)
T-94 (60) (* from Paul Mulcahy's pages)
T-90 (107) (* deliveries ongoing)
T-80 (6,240) (* deliveries ongoing)
T-72A/B (10,000) (* deliveries ongoing)
T-64A/B (9,700)
T-62 (11,300)
T-54/55 (20,600)
Warsaw Pact
Warsaw Pact forces used Soviet T-72, T-62 and T-55 tanks. Czechoslovakia and Poland built the T-72 and the T-55 under licence and exported many of them. Romania also built versions of the T-55 under licence, and the Romanian TR-125 was a reversed engineered T-72. The Second World War vintage T-34 was also found in the inventories of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania.
Bulgaria
T-72M (350)
T-62 (250)
T-54/T-55 (1,612)
T-34 (862)
Czechoslovakia
T-72M (900)
T-55 (1,927)
T-34 (373)
Hungary
T-72M (195)
T-54/T-55 (1,425)
T-34 (91)
Poland
T-72/PT-91 (116) (* deliveries ongoing)
T-72M (641)
T-54/T-55 (2,150)
Romania
T-72/TR-125 (3) (* limited production)
T-72M (30)
T-54/T-55 (757)
TR-85 (556) (* T-55 variant)
TR-580 (414) (* T-55 variant)
T-34 (1,060)
Neutral European Countries
Switzerland and Sweden built their own tanks in the Cold War. Switzerland built the Panzer 61 and 68, and Sweden built the S-103 which was more akin to a tank destroyer than a tank. In the 1980's Switzerland switched to the German Leopard 2 with most being built in Switzerland. After the Cold War Sweden also adopted the Leopard 2 but probably did not recieve them before 1996 in the T2K timeline. The others used a mixture of US, French, British and Soviet tanks. Yugoslavia licence built the Soviet T-55 and a modified version of the T-72 (M-80). Albania and Yugoslavia were still using Second World War era T-34 and Sherman tanks into the 1990's.
Albania
T-55 (50)
T-34 (140)
Austria
M60A3 (159)
Cyprus
AMX-30 B2 (40)
Finland
T-72M (70)
T-54/T-55 (100)
Sweden
S-103 (335)
Centurion (110)
Switzerland
Leopard 2A4 (180)
Pz-68 (190)
Pz-61 (150)
Centurion (150)
Yugoslavia
T-72/M-80 (300)
T-54/T-55 (850)
T-34 (400)
M-4 Sherman (300)
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