The ANZACs in T2k

[RN7]

In the 1990's Indonesia bought a lot of surplus East German equipment from the German government, primarily ships and aircraft. In Twilight 2000 this would not have happened so I didn't include any former East German equipment that Indonesia had at this time,

Indonesia Army

Manpower: 215,000 (with 800,000 Reserves)
Available Manpower: 24,283,000 males aged between 18-32) (* in mid-1990's)

The Indonesian Army had a confusing organisation. KOSTRAD was the regular army, and the KODAM forces were territorial forces that included reserves. Most operational army units are controlled through the KODAMS. These territorial units account for the bulk of the armys personnel. The territorial system deploys army units at every level of the civilian government structure: Korem (Garrison Command), Kodim (District Command), Koramil (Subdistrict Command), and non-commissioned officers resident in the countrys villages. The territorial system is the least professional element of the army and had the lowest priority for equipment, manpower and training.

The armys best combat units were the Strategic Reserve (KOSTRAD). KOSTRAD had about 30,000 personnel in two divisions and an airborne brigade, and was the largest operational command in the armed forces. However it had minimal organic logistics capability and its units obtained most of their logistical support from the territorial military regional commands in whose geographic area they were deployed, which limiting its ability to deploy independently for long periods to remote areas.

The Special Forces Command (KOPASSUS) has three special warfare groups and an elite counterterrorism unit (Unit 81). The KOPASSUS has a strength of about 10,000 personnel and is divided into three groups, consisting of two para-commando units, one intelligence unit, eight counter-terrorist units, and one training unit. The units have rapid reaction capability and often deployed to hotspots, generally in teams of 50 men or fewer. Traditionally KOPASSUS had links with the Australian and British SAS regiments and the US Army Special Forces.

Recruits train for 3 months with their local KODAM training regiment. Specialists and technicians attend centralized corps schools. NCO candidates undergo 5 months of promotion training at their Kodam training regiment. Officer recruits selected for the Military Academy (Akmil) first undertake basic training as soldiers. The academic component of officer training is increasingly stressed, and many officers leave Akmil with an undergraduate degree. Officers are also recruited from university and other vocational graduates who undertake a 20 week course at Akmil. An additional source of officer recruitment is from the ranks, with one year of training at officer cadet schools. During the 1990s, the army benefited from training links and exercises with the Singapore, Australian, British and US armies. Many of those training opportunities were lost when the United States and Australia ended many training programs in the wake of the East Timor violence in 1998.

Organisation
Strategic Reserve (KOSTRAD)
2 infantry division HQ
3 infantry brigade (9 battalion)
3 airborne brigade (9 battalion)
2 field artillery regiment (6 battalion)
1 air defence regiment (2 battalion)
2 engineer regiment

Military Area Command (KODAM)
10 military area commands (provisional (KOREM) and district (KORIM))
65 infantry battalion (including 4 airborne)
8 cavalry battalion
8 field artillery battalion
8 air defence battalion
8 engineer battalion
1 aviation squadron
1 helicopter squadron
Special Forces Group (KOPASSUS)
3 special forces groups

KOPASSUS Organisation
Group 1 (combat) : Serang, West Java
Group 2 (combat): Kartasura, Central Java
Group 3 (intelligence and covert operations): Jakarta, Java
Unit 81 (counterterrorism): Jakarta, Java
Training Centre: Batijajar, West Java

Equipment
Light Tank
AMX-13 (105mm gun): 125
PT-76 (76.2mm gun): 30
Armoured Vehicles
AMX-VCI APC: 200
BTR-40 APC: 140
BTR-50 APC: 25
Commando Ranger APC: 20
Commando Scout (20mm cannon) scout car: 28
Ferret scout car: 45
Saladin (76mm gun) armoured car: 60
Saracen APC: 45
V-150 Commando APC: 240
Artillery
AMX Mk 61 Self Propelled 105mm Gun: 50
M-101A1 105mm Towed Howitzer: 170
M-30 122mm Towed Howitzer: 20
M-48 76.2mm Towed Mountain Gun: 95
M-56 105mm Towed Howitzer: 10
Air Defence
Bofors L/70 40mm AA Gun: 90
Rapier SAM Launcher: 21
RBS-70 Portable SAM Launcher: 42
Rh-202 20mm AA Gun: 125
S-60 57mm AA Gun: 200
Infantry Support Weapons
M20A1B1 89mm Recoilless Rifle: 90
M29 81mm Mortar: 800
M-40A1 106mm Recoilless Rifle: 45
MO-120-RT 120mm Mortar: 75
SS-11 Anti-Tank Missile Launcher: 40
Aircraft
Bell 205 Helicopter: 12
Bell-412 Helicopter: 10
BO 105C Helicopter: 13
BN-2 Islander Communications Aircraft: 1
C-47 Dakota Transport: 2
C-212 STOL Transport: 4
Cessna 310 Light STOL: 2
DHC-5 VIP Transport: 3
Gulfstream 695 Commander Communications Aircraft: 1
Hughes 300C Light Helicopter: 10
Rockwell Commander 680FL STOL Transport: 2
Marine Craft
LST: 1
LCU: 20
Naval Transports: 14
Ordinance
Rapier SAM Missile: 300 delivered
RBS-70 SAM Missiles: 150 delivered
SS-11 Anti-Tank Missile: 500 delivered

Infantry Weapons
9mm Beretta M12 Sub-Machine Gun
5.56mm FN-FNC Assault Rifle
5.56mm M16A1 Assault Rifle
7.62mm Beretta BM59 Assault Rifle
7.62mm vz/52/57 Assault Rifle
5.56mm Minimi Light Machine Gun
7.62mm FN MAG General-Purpose Machine Gun
7.62mm M60 General-Purpose Machine Gun
12.7mm DShK Heavy Machine Gun
0.50in Browning M2HB Heavy Machine Gun
M18 57mm Recoilless Rifle
M79 40mm Grenade Launcher
M203 40mm Grenade Launch


Indonesian Air Force

Manpower: 25,000

The Indonesian air force included two operations commands (Koops I and II, administering air bases and operational units in western and eastern areas of the archipelago, respectively), and the special forces (ground defense), education and maintenance commands. Koops 1 and II directs the air force's various roles and supports the army and navy. Since the 1980s the air force has gradually moved more of its combat forces to forward locations outside Java, and in particular to three locations.

1) Pekanbaru Air Base in Sumatras Riau Province, supporting operations in Aceh and over the adjacent Malacca Strait
2) Supadio Air Base at Pontianak in West Kalimantan provides aircover for the important offshore Natuna gas field
3) Hasanuddin Air Base at Makassar in South Sulawesi supports a major KOSTRAD presence and serves as the main air force presence in the countrys eastern provinces

Organisation
2 fighter/ground attack squadrons (A-4E/H, F-16A/B)
1 fighter squadron (F-5E/F)
2 COIN squadron (Hawk Mk.53 and OV-10F)
1 marine patrol squadron
1 tanker flight
4 transport squadron
3 helicopter squadron
4 training squadron
5 airfield defence battalions

Equipment
F-16A/B Fighter/Attack: 12
A-4E/H Attack: 28
F-5E/F Fighter: 14
Hawk Mk.53 COIN: 24
OV-10F COIN: 12
Boeing 737-200 marine patrol: 3
C-130H-MP marine patrol: 2
KC-130B tanker: 2
C-47 Dakota transport: 9
C-130B transport: 9
C-130H transport: 3
C-130H-30 transport: 7
F-27-400M transport: 7
C-212 STOL transport: 10
Boeing 707 passenger transport: 1
F-28-1000 passenger transport: 1
Cessna 401/402 light transport: 7
Skyvan survey: 1
Sikorsky H-34 transport helicopter: 12
SA330 Puma transport helicopter: 13
UH-1B helicopter: 2
Alouette III light helicopter: 3
Bo-105 light helicopter: 12
Bell 206 light helicopter: 2
Trainer aircraft: 80
Air Ordinance
AGM-65 Maverick AS Missile: 50 delivered
AIM-9J Sidewinder SRAA Missile: 100 delivered
AIM-9P Sidewinder SRAA Missile: 75 delivered
Mark 82 500 Ib General Purpose Bomb
Mark 83 1,000 Ib General Purpose Bomb


Indonesian Navy

Manpower: 42,000 (including 1,000 naval air arm and 12,000 Marines)

The Indonesian Navy was a large force that was necessary as Indonesia is a collection of islands. Training standards and equipment were below Western standards and especially the Australians, but were improving. Indonesia bought some submarines from West Germany and surplus missile frigates from the Netherlands in the 1990's. The navy played a central role in defending the Indonesian archipelago. In peacetime, the navy polices Indonesian waters to counter maritime poaching, smuggling, and piracy, and supports the army internal security operations. The navy performs most coast guard functions, but the Department of Transport's Sea Communications Agency includes a Maritime Security Agency that operates some search and rescue and harbor patrol craft. In wartime the navy, acting in conjunction with the air force, is expected to interdict invading forces as far as possible from Indonesian territory and mount defensive operations.

The Navy is organised into two operational commands and three functional commands. The operational commands are regionally oriented, with the defense responsibility for national waters divided between Eastern Fleet and the Western Fleet. The Eastern Fleet is headquartered in Surabaya in East Java, with other bases at Manado in the Celebes and Ambon in the Moluccas. The Western Fleet is headquartered in Jakarta, with other bases in Sabang in Sumatra and Tanjung Pinang on Riau Island. The three functional commands are the Naval Training Command, including a naval academy located at Surabaya, Military Sealift Command, and the Marine Corps. Each fleet includes main naval bases, support naval bases, naval observer posts, and two operational components: a combat command and a maritime security command. The maritime security commands oversee maritime law enforcement

Submarines
Cakra Class (Type 209/1300) submarine: 2
Principle Surface Combatants
Van Speijk Class Missile Frigate: 6
Ashanti Class Frigate: 3
Claud Jones Class Frigate
Fatahillah Class Frigate: 3
Hajar Dewantara Class Frigate: 1
Patrol and Coastal Combatants
Mandau Class Fast Attack Missile Craft: 4
Attack Class Patrol Craft: 8
Bima Samundera Class Patrol Craft: 5
Singa Class Torpedo Craft: 2
Tongkak Class Patrol Craft: 3
Yug Kraljevica Class Patrol Craft: 3
Mine Warfare
Pulau Rengat Class Minehunter: 2
Amphibious
Teluk Semangka Class LST (200 troops, 17 tanks): 6
Teluk Amboina Class LST (200 troops, 16 tanks): 1
Teluk Langsa Class LST (200 troops, 16 tanks): 7
LCU: 4
LCM: 20
LCVP: 20
Support Ships
Surong Class AOR: 1
Other Ships: 17
Naval Aviation
N22B Searchmaster Marine Patrol: 12
N22 SL Searchmaster Marine Patrol: 6
HU-16B Albatross Flying Boat: 4
C-212 Aviocar Transport: 4
Aero Commander 100 Training: 6
PA-38 Tomahawk Training: 6
AS 332L Super Puma Transport Helicopter: 9
Bo-105C Light Helicopter: 4
HAS.1 Wasp ASW Helicopter: 9
Alouette-III Light Helicopter: 2
Naval Ordinance
AGM-84 Harpoon AS Missile: 32 delivered
MM-38 Exocet AS Missile: 60 delivered
Mistral Portable SAM Missile: 120 delivered
Sea Cat SAM Missile: 110 delivered
SS-N-2 AS Missile: 25 delivered

The Indonesian Marine Corps (KORMAR) had a strength of 12,000 personnel and were organised into 2 infantry brigades of 6 battalions and 1 combat support regiment with tank, reconnaissance, artillery, air defence and landing craft battalions. The 1st Marine Corp Group included the 1st, 3rd and 5th Battalions and the Combat Support Regiment and is based in Surabaya to cover Indonesias eastern region. The Independent Marine Corps Brigade with the 2nd, 4th and 6th Battalions is based in Jakarta to cover the central region. Indonesia plans to eventually double the size of the Marine Corps, which has led to friction with the army over funding, resources and influence. The army wants the Marine Corps to move out of Jakarta to curtail its security role in the Indonesian capital. There have been plans to move the Independent Marine Brigade from Jakarta to Surabaya, and the 1st Marine Corps Group headquarters from Surabaya to Makassar (Sulawesi). But it has been delayed for years due to inter-service rivalry between the army and navy.

Equipment
PT-76 (76.2mm gun) Light Tank: 80
AMX-10 PAC-90 (90mm gun) armoured car: 10
BRDM-1 Scout Car: 20
AMX-10P APC: 25
BTR-50P APC: 75
LG-1 105mm Towed Howitzer: 20
M-30 122mm Towed Howitzer: 40
BM-14 140mm Multiple Rocket Launcher: 24
Bofors L/70 40mm AA Gun: 40

Paramilitary

The Indonesian national police force (INP) numbered 180,000 in the mid-1990's and was expanding in size. The INP is controlled from Jakarta headquarters and each province has a subordinate headquarters in major urban areas (Polwil) and at district (Polres) and sub-district (Polres) levels. The INP is organized along functional lines, with divisions responsible for intelligence and security, criminal investigations, routine patrol work, traffic and community liaison. The INP also controls the paramilitary Mobile Brigade (Brimob) which has around 15,000 personnel. Brimob units are routinely accused of human-rights abuses and serve in a gendarmerie role. The INP also controls the counter insurgency GEGANA unit. The INP also has its own air wing of 11 light aircraft and 13 helicopters (10 Bo-105 and 3 Bell 206), and a marine unit with 25 small patrol craft.

Other para-military forces include 1.5 million strong KAMRA (People's Security) that was an unarmed part-time police auxiliary. The Customs Police, Marine Security Agency and Transport Ministry also controlled a marine force of 85 small patrol craft and 28 LCU.

[Jason Weiser]

Thanks. Just had a quick look so far but already saw some questionable targeting such as Richmond - it's C-130's and not much else. I lived and worked in and around it for a few years, it's just not worth nuking.
Meanwhile Williamtown at Newcastle where the majority of the F/A-18s were actually based (along with HQ and training) isn't on the list.
That said, by the time nukes were used, I'm fairly certain all Australia's combat air assets would have already been deployed.

I would take the military targeting with a grain of salt, as for the political and economic base, I think it's pretty dead on. I had to pick weapons with the RANGE to reach Australia from the Soviet Union, or just grab random sub based weapons and assume they got past the RAN to launch a missile or two. I am assuming no Soviet aircraft launched on Australia due again, to the distances involved, that and they were probably being used to flatten targets in Japan and China.

[Legbreaker]

Yes, the economics aren't too bad. I'll be looking at likely missiles and number of warheads and adding subtracting from there I think. My guess is ABMs rather than sub launched missiles - it's a long way to send a sub which might be better utilised elsewhere.
Australian strikes though are most likely an afterthought. Australia wasn't directly involved in any of the major fronts (besides a presence in Korea which is arguably a UN conflict), and the country is on the other side of the globe to just about everywhere too. Not exactly convenient for your warships to drop in for repairs, and very unlikely for there to be any exports of significance due to lack of fuel, limited production capacity, and Australia's own internal needs.

[dylan]

Russians at Cam Ranh Bay (including bombers) Would northern Australia be a target for them

In our real timeline, Russian bombers (Bears) operated out of Biak airport in Indonesian Papua last year.

[StainlessSteelCynic]

Russians at Cam Ranh Bay (including bombers) Would northern Australia be a target for them

In our real timeline, Russian bombers (Bears) operated out of Biak airport in Indonesian Papua last year.

I think they would be more involved with the Soviet effort against China. If any air or naval assets survived that conflict, they might be a potential problem for Australia but they would still have to survive the journey from Vietnam to any target in Australia. For example, it's about 3600km (2237 miles) from Cam Ranh Bay to Darwin (in the Northern Territory).

[Legbreaker]

And that's 3,600km through potentially hostile airspace, just to hit a target in a country which isn't even technically at war with the USSR.

[RN7]

Russians at Cam Ranh Bay (including bombers) Would northern Australia be a target for them

In our real timeline, Russian bombers (Bears) operated out of Biak airport in Indonesian Papua last year.

The Tu-22M Backfire has the range to hit Northern Australia from Vietnam, but the RAAF could also hit them back with a F-111G strike in this period.

[StainlessSteelCynic]

The Tu-22M Backfire has the range to hit Northern Australia from Vietnam, but the RAAF could also hit them back with a F-111G strike in this period.

And this is also the same time period where the RAAF was finally in possession of inflight refuelling tankers.

At the time, the B707 aircraft we had were not fitted with the tail boom refuelling probe that would be required by the F-111's because it was felt that the FA-18's needed the range increase allowed by inflight refuelling more than the F-111's did.
By way of comparison, the RAAF FA-18A with a 4000lb weapons load and 6000lbs of external fuel had a strike range of approximately 1020km while the RAAF F-111A/C with the same 4000lb load and no external fuel had a strike range of 2040km.
Info taken from here: - http://ausairpower.net/raaf-707.html

While the tail boom probe was not part of the modification, it was studied as part of the options for inflight refuelling. It's always possible that we could get technical/engineering help from the UK & USA if an urgent requirement for inflight refuelling of the F-111's was found and the modification to the B707's could be carried out in Australia.

[RN7]

And this is also the same time period where the RAAF was finally in possession of inflight refuelling tankers.

At the time, the B707 aircraft we had were not fitted with the tail boom refuelling probe that would be required by the F-111's because it was felt that the FA-18's needed the range increase allowed by inflight refuelling more than the F-111's did.
By way of comparison, the RAAF FA-18A with a 4000lb weapons load and 6000lbs of external fuel had a strike range of approximately 1020km while the RAAF F-111A/C with the same 4000lb load and no external fuel had a strike range of 2040km.
Info taken from here: - http://ausairpower.net/raaf-707.html

While the tail boom probe was not part of the modification, it was studied as part of the options for inflight refuelling. It's always possible that we could get technical/engineering help from the UK & USA if an urgent requirement for inflight refuelling of the F-111's was found and the modification to the B707's could be carried out in Australia.

Australia bought 4 air refuelling systems from Israel between 1991-1992 for the modification of 4 Boeing-707 transport aircraft to tanker/transport aircraft. 15 F-111G (FB-111A) were also bought from America second hand in 1993-1994 to replace the shorter ranged F-111C.

[Legbreaker]

A useful document I came across a few years ago which will go a long way towards figuring out what the spark was that ignited the Indonesia/Australia conflict.

[Olefin]

FYI have some info for you on font sizes from the old GDW publications - check your messages

[Legbreaker]

Anyone got any thoughts on giving Australian and New Zealand an "On the Beach" sort of vibe
The first half of the movie, rather than the inevitable death towards the end.

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053137/

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0219224/

[Olefin]

I dont see it being quite like "On the Beach" - the war wasnt that bad - even the first half before the "everyone dies" second half

[Legbreaker]

I don't think so either, just looking about for ideas as without the war directly impacting the Australian mainland, it's hard to figure out what impact it would have had on a day to day basis. I'm thinking of pulling ideas and elements from there and similar stories such as Testament, Outbreak, and Panic In The Year Zero!
One idea I'm toying with is hitting the major urban areas with some sort of plague or bioweapon and adding in famine due to lack of fuel to shift grain and other produce to where it's needed most. Quarantine areas get set up, but due to the sprawling nature of Australian cities and limited manpower to patrol them, they're about as effective as flyscreen windows in a submarine.

[Olefin]

"Panic In The Year Zero" - always loved that movie